Funny enough, it used to be "only a textbox". We´ve only just introduced a simple web based editor in r3.8 July of last year. 🙂
This editor however is not comparable to a full-fledged IDE and will not do the things that you mentioned. And while it would be nice to make the code editor more powerful, it´s currently not planned and would take considerable resources that we rather spend on new features for the platform.
You can get all these features from a proper code editor (like VSCode) - which you can use to create your frontend functions.
To see if things go wrong in r3, you need to open your developer console in your browser (usually via F12 hotkey). It will display errors, when they occur. If you want to log things from inside your function, you can use console.log()
or similar functions as in any other JS script to log to the same browser console.
Writing frontend functions with JS is definitely an advanced skill and not required for many apps people build. It is an option, but not something you can easily learn just from using r3.